Phenotype Topics

From OMPwiki

Cytology

Histological Assessment

Serological Tests

  • General[15][16]
  • slide agglutination test[17]
  • fluorescent antibody tests[18]
  • counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE)

Biochemical Characteristics

Prokaryotic Glycosylation

Motility

Cell shape/size

  • cocci
  • rod (straight or curved)
  • oval

Pathogenic vs. Non-pathogenic

Cultural Characteristics

  • General[41]
  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Fermentation
    • lactose fermenters
  • Growth at certain temperatures
    • Thermophile
  • Mutator[42]

Growth characteristics on differential media plates

  • Growth on MacConkey agar[43][44]
  • Growth on Inorganic Compounds (Chemoauxotrophic)
  • Growth on certain sugars
  • Growth on antibiotics
  • Growth on blood agar
  • Growth on thioglycolate
  • Growth on acetamide agar medium[45][46]
  • Biotyping[47]

Morphological Characteristics

  • cocoid body formation
  • cyst formation
  • spore formation
  • fruiting body formation
  • pleomorphism
  • mucoid colonies
  • viscid colonies

Replication/Division

  • binary fission

Biofilm Formation

Phage-related phenotypes

bacteria

  • susceptibility / immunity
    • resistance to super-infection
    • CRISPR-encoded resistance [51]
  • prophage
    • presence
    • phage DNA integration [52]
    • phage gene expression
    • phage protein expression
  • phage adsorption [53],[54]
  • lysis [53]
    • degradation of host cell wall (endolysin) [55]
    • permeabilizing the inner membrane (holin) [55]

phage

  • host range + specificity
    • e.g. infects E. coli strain K12 [include taxonomy ID]
  • inducability
    • e.g. inducable by antibiotics - [56]
  • plaque
    • size (at time x), i.e. growth rate
    • shape (round, irregular)
    • opaqueness (clear, turbid) [57]
  • particle morphology
    • missing parts [include list of parts]
    • malformed parts [include lists of parts]
      • too big
      • too small
      • different shape
  • assembly
    • step X of assembly not taking place
    • protein X not assembled, i.e. not integrated into structure
  • generation time

References

See Help:References for how to manage references in OMPwiki.

  1. ↑ Wallis, C et al. (1981) Colorimetric method for rapid determination of bacteriuria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 14 342-6 PubMed OMPwiki page
  2. ↑ CHANCE, HL (1952) Crystal violet as a nuclear stain for gaffkya tetragena and other bacteria. Stain Technol 27 253-8 PubMed OMPwiki page
  3. ↑ LECHTMAN, MD et al. (1965) RAPID METHODS OF STAINING BACTERIAL SPORES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. J. Bacteriol. 89 848-54 PubMed OMPwiki page
  4. ↑ Wistreich, G & Bartholomew, JW (1969) The binding of crystal violet by isolated bacterial cell-wall material. J. Gen. Microbiol. 59 223-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  5. ↑ Adams, E (1975) Studies in gram staining. Stain Technol 50 227-31 PubMed OMPwiki page
  6. ↑ Schiff, R et al. (1967) A safranin-fast green stain for the differentiation of the nuclei of rumen protozoa. Stain Technol 42 75-80 PubMed OMPwiki page
  7. ↑ Goren, MB et al. (1978) Some observations of mycobacterial acid-fastness. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 118 151-4 PubMed OMPwiki page
  8. ↑ Biswas, BB et al. (1970) Gram staining and its molcecular mechanism. Int. Rev. Cytol. 29 1-27 PubMed OMPwiki page
  9. ↑ Smith, DL & Trentini, WC (1973) On the gram reaction of Caryophanon latum. Can. J. Microbiol. 19 757-60 PubMed OMPwiki page
  10. ↑ Romero, S et al. (1988) Rapid method for the differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria on membrane filters. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26 1378-82 PubMed OMPwiki page
  11. ↑ Sizemore, RK et al. (1990) Alternate gram staining technique using a fluorescent lectin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56 2245-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  12. ↑ Johnson, MJ et al. (1995) Techniques for controlling variability in gram staining of obligate anaerobes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 755-8 PubMed OMPwiki page
  13. ↑ Smith, DG (1971) A simple technique for the quantitative assessment of gram positivity. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 34 361-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  14. ↑ Beveridge, TJ (1990) Mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172 1609-20 PubMed OMPwiki page
  15. ↑ Gaston, MA & Pitt, TL (1989) Improved O-serotyping method for Serratia marcescens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27 2702-5 PubMed OMPwiki page
  16. ↑ Sirois, M & Higgins, R (1991) Biochemical typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet. Microbiol. 27 397-401 PubMed OMPwiki page
  17. ↑ Mayer, ME et al. (1983) Coagglutination for detection and serotyping of bacterial antigens: usefulness in acute pneumonias. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1 277-85 PubMed OMPwiki page
  18. ↑ Tjiam, KH et al. (1985) Evaluation of the direct fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of chlamydial infections. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 4 548-52 PubMed OMPwiki page
  19. ↑ Schreckenberger, PC & Blazevic, DJ (1974) Rapid methods for biochemical testing of anaerobic bacteria. Appl Microbiol 28 759-62 PubMed OMPwiki page
  20. ↑ Baker, JS (1984) Comparison of various methods for differentiation of staphylococci and micrococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19 875-9 PubMed OMPwiki page
  21. ↑ Fay, GD & Barry, AL (1972) Rapid ornithine decarboxylase test for the identification of enterobacteriaceae. Appl Microbiol 23 710-3 PubMed OMPwiki page
  22. ↑ Goldschmidt, MC et al. (1971) Rapid methods for determining decarboxylase activity: ornithine and lysine decarboxylases. Appl Microbiol 22 344-9 PubMed OMPwiki page
  23. ↑ Goldschmidt, MC & Lockhart, BM (1971) Rapid methods for determining decarboxylase activity: arginine decarboxylase. Appl Microbiol 22 350-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  24. ↑ Van Horn, KG & Dworkin, BM () Direct gram stain and urease test to detect Helicobacter pylori. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13 449-52 PubMed OMPwiki page
  25. ↑ Barry, AL et al. (1970) Improved 18-hour methyl red test. Appl Microbiol 20 866-70 PubMed OMPwiki page
  26. ↑ Barry, AL & Feeney, KL (1967) Two quick methods for Voges-Proskauer test. Appl Microbiol 15 1138-41 PubMed OMPwiki page
  27. ↑ Macconkey, A (1906) On the Liquefaction of Gelatin by the Bacillus cloacae. J Hyg (Lond) 6 23-32 PubMed OMPwiki page
  28. ↑ KOHN, J (1953) A preliminary report of a new gelatin liquefaction method. J. Clin. Pathol. 6 249 PubMed OMPwiki page
  29. ↑ MYERS, DM (1959) A new method for gelatin liquefaction. Can. J. Microbiol. 5 119-22 PubMed OMPwiki page
  30. ↑ Pickett, MJ et al. (1991) Tests for detecting degradation of gelatin: comparison of five methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 2322-5 PubMed OMPwiki page
  31. ↑ von Graevenitz, A (1971) Practical substitution for the indol, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate system. Appl Microbiol 21 1107-9 PubMed OMPwiki page
  32. ↑ Powers, EM & Latt, TG (1977) Simplified 48-hour IMVic test: an agar plate method. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34 274-9 PubMed OMPwiki page
  33. ↑ Cohen, RL et al. (1968) Modified biochemical tests for characterization of L-phase variants of bacteria. Appl Microbiol 16 1655-62 PubMed OMPwiki page
  34. ↑ Lonski, J et al. (1977) A quantitative assay to study cell movement in the myxobacteria. J. Cell. Sci. 25 173-8 PubMed OMPwiki page
  35. ↑ Lund, ME et al. (1975) Rapid identification of swarming Proteus using the PathoTec ornithine decarboxylase test strip. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1 478-9 PubMed OMPwiki page
  36. ↑ Bale, MJ et al. (1985) The spot indole test for identification of swarming Proteus. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 83 87-90 PubMed OMPwiki page
  37. ↑ Palleroni, NJ (1976) Chamber for bacterial chemotaxis experiments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32 729-30 PubMed OMPwiki page
  38. ↑ Aswad, D & Koshland, DE Jr (1975) Isolation, characterization and complementation of Salmonella typhimurium chemotaxis mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 97 225-35 PubMed OMPwiki page
  39. ↑ Gentry, MK & Dalrymple, JM (1980) Quantitative microtiter cytotoxicity assay for Shigella toxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 12 361-6 PubMed OMPwiki page
  40. ↑ Ciapetti, G et al. (1994) Cytotoxicity testing of cyanoacrylates using direct contact assay on cell cultures. Biomaterials 15 63-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  41. ↑ Robertson, J et al. (1975) Mycoplasma hominis: growth, reproduction, and isolation of small viable cells. J. Bacteriol. 124 1007-18 PubMed OMPwiki page
  42. ↑ Mao, EF et al. (1997) Proliferation of mutators in A cell population. J. Bacteriol. 179 417-22 PubMed OMPwiki page
  43. ↑ Macconkey, A (1905) Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria in Faeces. J Hyg (Lond) 5 333-79 PubMed OMPwiki page
  44. ↑ Macconkey, AT (1908) Bile Salt Media and their advantages in some Bacteriological Examinations. J Hyg (Lond) 8 322-34 PubMed OMPwiki page
  45. ↑ Hedberg, M (1969) Acetamide agar medium selective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol 17 481 PubMed OMPwiki page
  46. ↑ Szita, G et al. (1998) A novel, selective synthetic acetamide containing culture medium for isolating Pseudomonas aeruginosa from milk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 43 123-7 PubMed OMPwiki page
  47. ↑ Gusils, C et al. (2004) Microtechnique for identification of lactic acid bacteria. Methods Mol. Biol. 268 453-8 PubMed OMPwiki page
  48. ↑ Pedersen, K (1982) Method for studying microbial biofilms in flowing-water systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 6-13 PubMed OMPwiki page
  49. ↑ Fessia, SL & Griffin, MJ (1991) A method for assaying biofilm capacity on polyurethane-coated slides. Perit Dial Int 11 144-6 PubMed OMPwiki page
  50. ↑ Gamble, R & Muriana, PM (2007) Microplate fluorescence assay for measurement of the ability of strains of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat-processing plants to adhere to abiotic surfaces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73 5235-44 PubMed OMPwiki page
  51. ↑ Deveau, H et al. (2008) Phage response to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus. J. Bacteriol. 190 1390-400 PubMed OMPwiki page
  52. ↑ Harel-Levi, G et al. (2008) Human genomic site-specific recombination catalyzed by coliphage HK022 integrase. J. Biotechnol. 134 46-54 PubMed OMPwiki page
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Shao, Y & Wang, IN (2008) Bacteriophage adsorption rate and optimal lysis time. Genetics 180 471-82 PubMed OMPwiki page
  54. ↑ Rodríguez, C et al. (2008) Sensitivity of capsular-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strains to bacteriophage adsorption. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 46 462-8 PubMed OMPwiki page
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Heineman, RH et al. (2009) Layers of evolvability in a bacteriophage life history trait. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26 1289-98 PubMed OMPwiki page
  56. ↑ Rolain, JM et al. (2009) Genomic analysis of an emerging multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain rapidly spreading in cystic fibrosis patients revealed the presence of an antibiotic inducible bacteriophage. Biol. Direct 4 1 PubMed OMPwiki page
  57. ↑ Pasharawipas, T et al. (2008) The cycle for a Siphoviridae-like phage (VHS1) of Vibrio harveyi is dependent on the physiological state of the host. Virus Res. 135 332-5 PubMed OMPwiki page
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